​Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a disorder which impacts an individual’s ability to maintain attention, concentration, and control their impulses, while in the process impacting their ability to function in multiple environments (home, school, socially). There are three forms of ADHD, namely, predominantly inattention, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined forms (Sulkes S., 2020). ADHD is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning it impacts one of more of the following: attention, memory, perception, language, problem-solving, or social interaction (Sulkes S., 2020). It is important to note that ADHD begins in childhood and has been suggested as being present in 5% of children (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Symptoms: according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder - 5th Edition (DSM-5)

(Inattention)

• Difficulty giving close attention to details or making careless mistakes.
• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
• Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
• Often does not follow through on instructions and may fail to finish school work or chores.
• Difficulty organizing tasks.
• Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in task that require sustained attention
• Often loses things necessary to complete tasks.
• Often becomes easily distracted by the objects in their environment.
• Is often forgetful in daily activities. 

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​(Hyperactivity and impulsivity)

• May appear fidgety
• May leave their seat often even when they are expected to remain seated.
• May run or climb in situations where it is not appropriate.
• May be unable to play quietly.
• May appear to be often “on the go”.
• Often talk excessively
• Often blurts out answers prior to the question being completed.
• Often interrupts others in conversation or intrudes on others (butting into conversations)